Arthrosis of the knee joint combines two processes: the destruction of cartilage and the growth of osteophytes or bone spores.The stage of the process is determined by the X -ray image.It is assumed that arthrosis is the destruction of the knee joints with the age, the natural process of aging.The causes are muscle weaknesses and poor blood supply to the tissue.How can you treat yourself without surgery?Remove factors that reduced the muscle tone.
Causes
The causes of osteoarthritis are still not determined by medicine,Only risk factors are named:Age over 45 years old, knee injuries and overweight.Almost 50% of the adult population have ever complained over the knee joint.
In the case of osteoarthritis, the cartilage that lines the edges of the bones is an abrasion or missing.Damaged tissue is not a source of pain because it has no receptors.Inflammation in nearby structures cause characteristic symptoms.
The body continues the regeneration of damaged tissues, but the cartilage grows unevenly.As a result, irregularities are formed that violate other elements of the joint.The type of osteophyte is declared smooth articular cartilage by compensation.Another version shows that the growth of "Spurs"It is associated with the attempt to stabilize the joint in the media or laterally due to the muscle weakening.
What is chronic osteoarthritis of the knee joint?Pain only occurs in tendons and ligaments when the muscle forces stop holding the bones and checking them.Therefore, biomechanical causes are differentiated between pain and osteoarthritis:
- Against the background of a long seatThere is a compression between the inguinal band and the muscle law muscle of the thigh artery and the nerve, which weakens the strength of the front of the thigh and leads to the appearance of the tension in the tendons of the knee chalet.
- Sitting in the long term presses the gluteal musclesThey weaken.Instead, muscles packed with pears begin to work, under which the sciatic nerve comes by.During its compression, the double muscle weakens, the angle of the thigh and lower leg changes.The knee is injured.
- Heeled goIt leads to a tension of the calf muscles, unfolds the pelvis and weakens the average gluteal muscles.The thigh bone turns inside, the ligaments will grow along the knee, a media meniscus, osteophytes.
- Flat feetTogether with wearing unpleasant shoes, the weakening of the leading muscles and the increased lordosis, the Tibia bone unfolds to the outside, which leads to pain in the knee, since the biomechanics violate, the development of a bakery cyst.
The pathological chains that affect the knee are connected with a fall on the coccyx in childhood, scoliosis caused by diseases of the internal organs.People who have a different shoulder height,Over time, they complain on their kneesSince the fascia chains on the front of the body contain the extensor of this joint - the rectus muscle of the thigh.
Symptoms
The degenerative process disturbs the function of the joint and leads to pain and stiffness.It is believed that it isThe effect on the muscles begins out of the cartilage and the bone.Exercise shows the opposite -Pain in the knee joint occurs in places of tendons- Fastening elements of the weakened muscles of extensors, flexors and knee stabilizers.
The main signs for the threat from the wear of the cartilage:
- From time to time the discomfort associated with walking, the feeling of "not so the leg".
- The appearance of pain with a direct load of the joint and muscles, bends and extends - crouch the stairs.
- The pain in the knee and stiffness after a long inactivity or calm, for example when climbing in the morning out of bed, which is connected to stagnation of venous blood.
The main signs of osteoarthritis are caused by the stress of the weakened muscles:
- The knees in the knees are related to the fact that the muscle, which extends the thigh with buttocks and double -led, does not work, and the Rekktus skull muscle is excessively stretched, which causes discomfort in the knee.
- The pain when bending the joint are connected to the weakness of the flexors - the double muscle and the tension of the tendon of the quadriceps.
The swelling is caused by injuries to soft tissues, inflammation of the tendons and joint bags.The appearance of heat in the knee shows the accumulation of inflammatory exudate -Osteoarthritis is often accompanied by bursitis, synovites and tendinitis.
The crunch in the knee is painless and traumatic.Glumps and other noises do not say that the bones are abrasion.Signs of violation of the stability of the knee -The weakness of one of the control of the muscles.
Creeding, which is caused by the friction of the bone on the bone, does not occur at the beginning and at the end of the motion amplitude, but in the middleAlso with passive flexion of the joint.The joint blocking is caused by wear of cartilage and tendons, which causes a feeling of fixation.Bones with every movement are controlled by the muscles.Their early reduction leads to a changed direction of the bone movement and blocked.
1 degree
The arthrosis degree is determined by X -RayExchange of participation in the pathological process of bone structures.Their change shows that the muscle system has had an imbalance for 5 to 10 years.Usually peopleYou experience painful pain for several years.
In the first stage of arthrosisA minor increase in bone spores occurs, what is found by chance.In places, growth occurs in places the greatest instability of the joint.As a rule, patients rarely have pain or symptoms during exercise.
The weakness of some muscles is balanced by the function of others without causing severe cramps and overloads.The run and training with weights produce symptoms because the weakened muscles are loaded.The weakness (hypotension) of the muscles is associated with an impaired blood supply and innovation.
2 degrees
The second stage of osteoarthritis is viewed as simple.The X -ray image shows significant bone spores, but the cartilage is not affected.The amount of synovial fluid is reduced, but after long walking and running pain symptoms, stiffness in the joint and pain when bending and in the position on the knees occur.
Early X beam features of the second stage of the knee arthrosis:
- The pointed edges of the internal tubercles on the Tibia, to which the cross -defined band is attached;
- Narrowing of the common gap on the medial side;
- The pointed edges of the bone condyl on the medial sides, less often in the side - depending on the development of the valgus or the deformation of the variant connection.
For the second stage in LarsenThe narrowing of the common gap by more than 50% is characteristicHowever, this can only be checked in dynamics or in comparison with an uninterrupted of joints.
3 degrees
In the third stage of arthrosisPain during the flexion and expansion of the joint becomes constant.During the exacerbation, the joint flushes and swells and swells painful pain in peace.A swelling, noticeable deformation of the joints of the joint appears around the knee.
Signs of moderate osteoarthritis of the knee joint in the third stage:
- The joint column is significantly narrowed;
- the presence of a subchondral sclerosis in the invited sections;
- numerous osteophytes on the edges;
- a rare occurrence of subchondral cysts;
- Synovites, the appearance of a baker's cyst under the knee;
- Uneven surfaces of the Femur and Tibia, the loss of the joints of the connection;
- Change in the shape of the patella;
- Calculation and chondromation;
The fourth level is rarely supplemented by necrotic lesions.Why is arthrosis dangerous?The disease violates the ability to move and creates dependence on others.
Diagnosis
The orthopedic studies signs of edema, gropes the joint for pain, examines the active and passive area of movement.Necessarily inspects the lumbar spine becauseThere the nerves that provide the function of the muscles of the thigh pass.
The X -ray image shows the presence of osteophytes, a change in the space between the Femur and Tibia bones, which indicates the cartilage loss in the knee.Sometimes the x rays of the knee joints show significant signs of cartilage wear, but patients have no significant pain.On the contrary, the arthrosis of the first stage can disturb the function of the kneeThe cause of the pain is hypotonic muscles.
If an X -Ray does not show any major changes, then thenThe doctor describes an MRI of the knee joint and the lumbar.The diagnostics visualize ligaments, tendons and muscles, meniscus to find other sources of pain.
Laboratory diagnostics is requiredIf you suspect infectious damage to the connection or gout.
Treatment
The arthrosis therapy should be comprehensiveGoal to the cause of the disease.In the case of endocrine functional disorders that influence connective tissue, adequate treatment is carried out.Overweight patients are recommendedgo to the right nutrition.Detachments are removed with medication.
Drug treatment
The drug treatment of pain exists inRecipe for anti -inflammatory medication.Non -steroidal anti -inflammatory medication with longer useNegatively influence the function of the stomach.
The treatment scheme includes chondroprotectors that only help then3-6 months.The pharmacies represent a large number of medication in this group.
It is believed that the components of these medication help to regenerate the structure of the cartilage has an analgesic effect.
Controlled studies were carried out littleAnd they concerned complex treatment - arthroplasty, physiotherapy, diet.
Attention!Chondroprotectors are drunk in courses - you can drink a course of a drug and the second course - the other, and compare the effect.However, the uncontrolled drug is not the best idea.Before you start taking drugs, contact your lawyer.
How and what should pain and swelling alleviate?Instra -Karticular injections are more popular:
- Steroid medicationInhibition inflammatory reactions at the level of immune cells and remove acute pain, joints of the joint and swelling.
- Hyaluronic acidIncreases the viscosity of the articular fluid and reduces the friction of the articular surfaces.
Important!The effect of drugs is sufficient for 6-12 months, but at the same time degenerative processes do not stop.
Surgical treatment
With low effectiveness of drugs, patients are offered arthroscopy- A minimally invasive procedure for removing bone growth, audit of the joint.If necessary, surgeons carry ligaments and cartilage plastic, remove the focal points of the worn fabric.
The bone osteotomy aims to change the load axis on the connection.The doctor cuts the thigh or basket hats to change the contact areas of the common surfaces.The operation is often carried out in young patients.
Total exchange of the knee joint or arthroplastyIt is required in the severe stage of osteoarthritis (third or fourth degrees).Surgical treatment does not always solve the problem because it requires hardworking and daily rehabilitation and muscle reinforcement.
Changes in the knee can be compensatory with regard to the pool.Therefore, the hip joint suffers next without restoring the muscle compensation.
Physiotherapeutic treatment
In the area of physiotherapy, mud applications, phonophoresis and magnetic therapy are used.The effect of external factors is basedStimulation of blood supply and tissue regeneration, relief for inflammation and swelling.
Treatment with folk and non -traditional methods
Recipes of folk remedies for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee joints at home normally at homeThe aim of removing swelling and eliminating pain.Most of the time, horseradish leaves and potato brown are used, sometimes mix and vodka for compresses are mixed.
It is impossible to completely stop degeneration.You can influence the exchange in the kidneys with celery juice.The kidneys are connected to the ILIAC luxury muscle, which is connected to pathologies of the hip joint.Normalization of the function of the gallbladder and the liver improves the condition of the knees.
The treatment of the initial stage of the initial stage of the arthrosis of the knee includes decoctions of anti -inflammatory herbs:Chamomile, St. John's spice, immortality.Ground garbage, sea salt and kerosene are used.Baths with magnesium salts, pine infusions are used.
Manual therapy and massage
Manual therapy for the arthrosis of the knee joint helpsif a specialist understands the only muscular imbalances.Musical tests contribute to finding weakened muscles that stabilize the knee, determine the cause of the functional disorder and eliminate it.
The source can not only be the common block in the lumbar region,but also functional disorders in blood supply, internal organs, endocrine and biochemical errors.Therefore, manual therapist must have osteopathic skills and applied kinesiology to influence many factors.
Massage is a tool for manual therapy, self -help.A patient with osteoarthritis of the knee joint can knead the tendons of the muscles independently that control the movement of the limb:
- the area around the large buttocks;
- Lines on the front surface of the thigh - from the pelvis to patella;
- The surface of the thigh from the big swing to the condyle of the thigh;
- The groin area along the inguinal band;
- The inner surface of the thigh (along the line of the leading channel).
Massage is carried out without much pressing.
Therapeutic gymnastics
The cause of osteoarthritis is the weakening of the muscles caused by problems in the lower back, in the pelvis and in the abdominal cavity.Exercises to prevent arthritis and osteoarthritis of the knee joints for older peopleIt is possible to increase strength, but not the sound.
Without work through the factors of their weakening with the help of manual therapy, it is difficult to achieve a complete restoration of biomechanics.Yoga continues to rob the stability connections.Under the treatment methods it is better to prefer itPilates and Scandinavian walking.
diet
The food is initially set to fight overweight.It is important to give up sugar and simple carbohydratesAdd products with fiber, magnesium, vitamins of group B and calcium with osteoarthritis of the knee joint, which are important for muscle activity.AttemptExclude dairy productsSince almost 80% of the population have Lactos intolerance.
Prevention of the osteoarthritis of the knee joints
Try to strengthen the musclesSince innervation and blood supply are not restored.The function of the hip muscles depends on the lumbar plexus.
Changes in the lower back associated with the weakness of the abdominal muscles also affect their knees.Therefore, in men with a “beer belly” osteoarthritis, as in women according to multi -guide, several genera with diastasis - is a weakening of the muscles of the abdominal wall.
Operations in the pelvis and internal organs form adhesions that affect the vertebrae of the lumbar spine and violate the knee against the innovation of the muscles.
Which doctor who comes into contact with arthrosis of the knee joint?The diagnosis will help to make an orthopedic surgeonWho consists of the operation.The best results are achieved through the work of multidisciplinary teams in rehabilitation centers.
The best thing that can be done for the joints:Eat properly, monitor the weight, go more, visit a massage therapist or osteopath every three months.
Treatment reviews
Positive checks can only enable comprehensive treatment of the deformation arthrosis of the knee joint or gonarthrosis.Anaesthesia, intra -karticular injections act temporarily and suppress a natural inflammatory reaction.
Diploma
The problem of osteoarthritis is that drug therapy only temporarily eliminates pain syndromes.The reasons remain without identification and influence.Occupational therapists who teach how to live with osteoarthritis of the knee joint can help and how to use a stick properly.However, the service is only available in private clinics, which carry out rehabilitation.